英语动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
英语动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
I) 规则动词：
1. 直接加-ed。如：lack---lacked, open---opened, repeat---repeated.
2. 结尾有e的只加-d。如：live---lived, please---pleased, free---freed.
3. 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读，双写结尾辅音，再加-ed。如：stop---stopped, fit---fitted, chat---chatted, control---controlled.
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：try---tried, study---studied.
5. 以l结尾的词其变化规律等同于其现在分词的变化规律。如：travel---travelled\traveled.
II）不规则动词巧记表
A．AAA型
cast cast cast 投掷
cut cut cut 割
shut shut shut 关
put put put 放
hurt; hurt; hurt 弄伤
rid rid rid 使摆脱
bid bid bid 出价、投标
spit spit spit（spat; spat）吐，唾
split; split; split 分开、分裂
hit hit hit 击中
let let let 让
set set set 安置
read read read 读
cost cost cost 值（多少钱）
cast cast cast 投射
burst burst burst 破裂
spread; spread; spread 传播
broadcast broadcast/-ed broadcast/-ed 广播
forecast forecast/+ed forecast/+ed 预报
B．AAB型
beat beat beaten 打击
C．ABB型
a．在原形动词后面加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去时，过去分词
hear heard heard 听
burn burnt/+ed burnt/+ed 燃烧
learn learnt(-ed) learnt(-ed) 学
mean meant meant 意思是
dream dreamt/+ed dreamt/+ed 做梦
b．把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t
build built built 建设
rebuild; rebuilt; rebuilt 重建
lend lent lent 借出
spend spent spent 度过，花费
send sent sent 送，派，遣
bend bent bent 压弯、弯曲
c．其他
dig dug dug 挖掘
strike struck struck 敲
stick; stuck; stuck 粘、
get got got 得到
win won won 赢，胜利
shine; shone; shone 发光
hang hung hung 挂
【hang; hanged; hanged吊死】
swing; swung; swung 摇摆
find found found 找到
wind; wound; wound 缠绕
stand stood stood 站
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 打仗
think thought thought 想
seek; sought; sought 寻找
catch caught caught 捉
teach taught taught 教
keep kept kept 保持
sleep slept slept 睡
smell smelt smelt 闻到
sweep swept swept 扫，扫除
weep; wept; wept哭泣
feel felt felt 感觉
leave left left 离开
meet met met 遇见
speed sped sped 加速
bleed bled bled 流血
hold held held 抓住，握
lead led led 领导
feed fed fed 喂养
sit sat sat 坐
have had had 有
make made made 制造
pay paid paid 付款
say said said 说
lay; laid; laid 搁置、产卵
sell sold sold 卖
tell told told 告诉
retell; retold; retold 重讲、复述
shine shone shone 照耀 发光
lose lost lost 丢失
shoot shot shot 射击 击中
flee fled fled 逃跑
shoot; shot; shot 射击
understand understood understood 理解
misunderstand; misunderstood; misunderstood 误解
C．ABA型
become became become 变成
come came come 来
overcome; overcame; overcome 克服
run ran run 跑
D．ABC型
a．原型动词+n或en构成过去分词
see saw seen 看见
foresee foresaw foreseen 预报
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 跌倒
give gave given 给
forgive; forgave; forgiven 宽恕
drive drove driven 驾驶
rise rose risen 升起
arise arose, arisen 出现、发生
shake shook shaken 摇动
take took taken 拿
undertake; undertook; undertaken 承担、承诺
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
throw threw thrown 投，掷
draw drew drawn 拖，拉
withdraw; withdrew; withdrawn撤退
sew sewed sewn 缝
sow; sowed; sown/sowed 播种
show showed shown 出示
mistake; mistook; mistaken; 弄错
shave; shaved; shaved/shaven 刮脸
b．过去时+n或en构成过去分词
freeze froze frozen 结冰，凝固
break broke broken 打破
speak spoke spoken 说话
bear; bore; borne/born 忍受、生育
wake woke woken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
steal stole stolen 偷
c．把单词中重读音节的元音字母i改为a（过去时）和u
begin began begun 开始
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 喝，饮
sink sank sunk 下沉
shrink; shrank; shrunk 缩小
ring rang rung 响（铃）
sing sang sung 唱
d．特殊变化
be (am,is) was been 是
be(are) were been 是
do(dose) did done 做
go(goes) went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
【lie; lied; lied撒谎】
fly flew flown 飞
wear wore worn 穿戴
tear; tore; torn 撕烂
dive dove/dived dived 跳水
forget; forgot; forgot/forgotten 忘记
hide hid hidden 躲藏
bite bit bitten 咬
swear; swore; sworn 发誓
swell; swelled; swollen 肿
ride rode ridden 骑
write wrote written 写
E．AAB型
beat beat beaten 敲打，（心）跳动
